Environmental Fate and Safety of Nonylphenol Ethoxylates
نویسنده
چکیده
lkylphenol ethoxylates are nonA ionic surfactants widely used in many institutional and household cleaning products and industrial processes. They have been popular for their effectiveness, economy and ease of handling and formulating for more than 40 years. They function as emulsifiers, detergents, wetting agents and dispersants. One of the largest application areas for alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEs) is textile wet processing. Nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEs) are by far the most important APEs, accounting for about
منابع مشابه
Comment on "Fate of octyl- and nonylphenol ethoxylates and some carboxylated derivatives in three American wastewater treatment plants".
The fate of a comprehensive group of nonylphenol and octylphenol ethoxylates (APEOs) and several of their carboxylated derivatives was studied in three American wastewatertreatment plants (WWTPs), two of which included advanced treatment. Influent and effluent concentrations of the alkylphenolic compounds (APEs) in the three plants were very similar, but effluent concentrations showed a seasona...
متن کاملIdentification and quantitation method for nonylphenol and lower oligomer nonylphenol ethoxylates in fish tissues.
Substantial research is currently focused on the toxicological effects of alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEs) and alkylphenols (APs) on aquatic animals. Considerable data are available on the concentrations of APEs and APs in river systems in the United States; however, few if any data are available on the tissue concentrations of fish living in these rivers. A reliable method for the analysis of no...
متن کاملNonylphenol and nonylphenol ethoxylates in fish, sediment, and water from the Kalamazoo River, Michigan.
A survey measuring concentrations of nonylphenol (NP) and its ethoxylates (NPEs) in fish was performed in the Kalamazoo River, Michigan, USA, in 1999. Of 183 fish analyzed, 59% had no detectable NP or NPE. Detected concentrations were reported to range from 3.3 (limit of detection) to 29.1 ng NP/g wet weight. To further explore the means of exposure of NP and NPE in the fish, concentrations of ...
متن کاملAUTHOR: R. JAMES MAGUIRE TITLE: Review of the Persistence of Nonylphenol and Nonylphenol Ethoxylates in Aquatic Environments
Alkylphenol ethoxylates, in particular nonylphenol ethoxylates, are widely used nonionic surfactants that are discharged in high quantities to sewage treatment plants and directly to the environment in areas where there is no sewage or industrial waste treatment. This article reviews the treatability of nonylphenol ethoxylates and nonylphenol in sewage treatment plants and their persistence in ...
متن کاملThe effectiveness of anaerobic digestion in removing estrogens and nonylphenol ethoxylates.
The fate and behaviour of two groups of endocrine disrupting chemicals, steroid estrogens and nonylphenol ethoxylates, have been evaluated during the anaerobic digestion of primary and mixed sewage sludge under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. Digestion occurred over six retention times, in laboratory scale reactors, treating sludges collected from a sewage treatment works in the United ...
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